Trick-or-treating, a popular Halloween activity in the US and Canada, involves children dressing up in costumes and visiting houses to receive treats. This tradition has its roots in ancient customs known as “souling” and “guising.”
In the Middle Ages, impoverished individuals in Ireland and Britain engaged in “souling” on Hallowmas (November 1). They would go from door to door, asking for food and offering prayers for the deceased on All Souls Day (November 2).
“Guising,” the practice of donning costumes, masks, or disguises, began in Scotland in the late 19th century. Scottish children dressed like evil spirits to ward off harm and carried lanterns made from hollow turnips while asking for treats like cakes, fruit, and money.
Immigrants brought these customs to North America in the early 20th century, with the term “trick or treat” first appearing in print in Canada in 1927. The origins of this particular phrase remain uncertain.
Trick-or-treating began in the western United States and Canada, eventually spreading eastward. It briefly waned during World War II due to sugar rationing. However, in the 1950s, the tradition regained momentum and became a central aspect of Halloween celebrations.
The National Confectioners Association reports that over 75 percent of U.S. adults distribute candy to trick-or-treaters annually, and around 64 percent of Americans participate in Halloween activities. In 2015, Halloween-related products, including candy and costumes, generated nearly $7 billion in revenue.
Why do we say trick or treat in Halloween?
Traditions involve kids going house to house, putting on performances, and receiving food or treats. They typically shout “trick or treat,” signifying that they expect a treat in exchange for not playing a trick or causing mischief.
In the 1950s and 1960s, children receiving nuts, coins, or toys from some houses during Halloween was common, and sweet treats were often homemade.
However, the popularity of trick-or-treating led to a shift, making candy the preferred giveaway. Busy parents found candy convenient as it was ready-made, prepackaged, and easy to purchase in bulk.
By the 1970s, candy had become the predominant Halloween treat, replacing the variety of items like nuts, coins, or homemade goodies that were previously distributed.