In 1976, the American scientist Stephen Hawking stated one of the scientific milestones that to this day are still valid and have become a kind of absolute truth that no one had refuted: that black holes in space emit radiation spontaneously, but he also claimed that the information of all objects that came to be ‘absorbed’ by one of them was ‘destroyed‘.
Researchers at Caltech suggest that there may be a way to test the hypothesis of “nonviolent nonlocality” proposed by Steven Giddings in 2012, which claimed that the interior and exterior of a black hole are connected through quantum nonlocality, a connection not caused by collision or merger, and therefore produces gravitational waves, which is why it is possible to believe that Hawking’s paradox would be solved, since the information would be preserved outside the black hole once it disappeared
The debate over Hawking’s idea remains whether the information of any object is destroyed when it enters a black hole or whether it comes back out, and this is the answer Caltech researchers are looking for with the premise that “quantum information is transferred through a non-local interaction and generates metric perturbations around black holes that would extend over a greater range of distances“.
The current problem is measuring radiation emission
The result of this observation is described by its creators as follows: “This is particularly intriguing because it predicts random phase deviations across different gravitational wave events, providing theoretical support for hierarchical tests of general relativity.”
These events would not be confined to the immediate environment of a black hole, but would ride on the gravitational waves during black hole mergers, creating detectable “phase deviations”. However, the biggest problem for demonstrating this notion is technical, as “the emission is very weak and detecting it is a very complicated task“, as admitted by Juan Ramon Munoz de Nova, researcher in the Department of Materials Physics at the Complutense University of Madrid and the Israel Institute of Technology
However, this is about to change with the construction of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a space-based gravitational wave detector being built by the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA.